@article {li_seismic_2024,
	title = {Seismic Evidence for Crustal Magmatic Intrusion Beneath the Southern Part of the Eastern North American Margin},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {129},
	number = {5},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023JB028143},
	month = {05/2024},
	pages = {e2023JB028143},
	abstract = {The southern portion of the eastern North American margin (SENAM) is an archetypical volcanic passive margin formed during Mesozoic rifting. How past magmatic events affect the evolution of the SENAM remains an open question of fundamental importance. To better understand this question, here we construct a high-resolution 3-D crustal velocity model from the oceanic side to the continental interior with a combination of multimodal dispersion inversion and full-waveform ambient noise tomography. Our new model reveals an oceanic-continental transitional crust over a short horizonal distance of 100{\textendash}150 km across the SENAM, with a local-scale lower-than-surrounding velocity anomaly directly beneath the transitional crust. Furthermore, the new model shows three intra-crustal higher-than-average velocity anomalies beneath the SENAM continent. We suggest that the magmatism assisted the Mesozoic rifting process to form the narrow ocean-continent transitional crust along the coastline. The underplating of magma beneath the transitional crust led to a reduction of seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle. In addition, it is probable that the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province caused widespread magmatic intrusions within the continental crust of the SENAM, which were later solidified into intra-crustal high-velocity plutons. Our findings provide new insights into crustal modification history at the passive margin.},
	keywords = {crustal structures, full-waveform ambient noise tomography, magmatic intrusion, multimodal dispersion inversion, the eastern North American margin},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JB028143},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023JB028143},
	author = {Li, Cong and Yu, Chunquan}
}
@article {yang_optimal_2023,
	title = {Optimal stacking of noise cross-correlation functions},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {232},
	number = {3},
	year = {2023},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {1600{\textendash}1618},
	abstract = {Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise are widely used for seismic velocity imaging, monitoring and ground motion analyses. A typical step in analysing noise cross-correlation functions (NCFs) is stacking short-term NCFs over longer time periods to increase the signal quality. Spurious NCFs could contaminate the stack, degrade its quality and limit its use. Many methods have been developed to improve the stacking of coherent waveforms, including earthquake waveforms, receiver functions and NCFs. This study systematically evaluates and compares the performance of eight stacking methods, including arithmetic mean or linear stacking, robust stacking, selective stacking, cluster stacking, phase-weighted stacking, time{\textendash}frequency phase-weighted stacking, Nth-root stacking and averaging after applying an adaptive covariance filter. Our results demonstrate that, in most cases, all methods can retrieve clear ballistic or first arrivals. However, they yield significant differences in preserving the phase and amplitude information. This study provides a practical guide for choosing the optimal stacking method for specific research applications in ambient noise seismology. We evaluate the performance using multiple onshore and offshore seismic arrays in the Pacific Northwest region. We compare these stacking methods for NCFs calculated from raw ambient noise (referred to as Raw NCFs) and from ambient noise normalized using a one-bit clipping time normalization method (referred to as One-bit NCFs). We evaluate six metrics, including signal-to-noise ratios, phase dispersion images, convergence rate, temporal changes in the ballistic and coda waves, relative amplitude decays with distance and computational time. We show that robust stacking is the best choice for all applications (velocity tomography, monitoring and attenuation studies) using Raw NCFs. For applications using One-bit NCFs, all methods but phase-weighted and Nth-root stacking are good choices for seismic velocity tomography. Linear, robust and selective stacking methods are all equally appropriate choices when using One-bit NCFs for monitoring applications. For applications relying on accurate relative amplitudes, the linear, robust, selective and cluster stacking methods all perform well with One-bit NCFs. The evaluations in this study can be generalized to a broad range of time-series analysis that utilizes data coherence to perform ensemble stacking. Another contribution of this study is the accompanying open-source software package, StackMaster, which can be used for general purposes of time-series stacking.},
	issn = {0956-540X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggac410},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac410},
	author = {Yang, Xiaotao and Bryan, Jared and Okubo, Kurama and Jiang, Chengxin and Clements, Timothy and Denolle, Marine A}
}
@article {yarce_temporal_2023,
	title = {Temporal Relationship of Slow Slip Events and Microearthquake Seismicity: Insights From Earthquake Automatic Detections in the Northern Hikurangi Margin, Aotearoa New Zealand},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {e2022GC010537},
	abstract = {Slow slip events in the northern Hikurangi margin of Aotearoa New Zealand occur every 18{\textendash}24 months and last for several weeks before returning to average convergence rates of around 38 mm/yr. Along this plate boundary, the Hikurangi plateau subducts beneath the overlying Australian plate and slow slip events occur along their plate interface at depths between 2 and 15 km. To explore whether there is a temporal relationship between slow slip events and earthquake occurrence, the Regressive ESTimator automated phase arrival detection and onset estimation algorithm was applied to a data set of continuous waveform data collected by both land and ocean bottom seismometers. This detector uses an autoregressive algorithm with iterative refinement to first detect seismic events and then create a catalog of hypocenters and P and S wave arrival times. Results are compared with an available catalog of manually detected seismic events. The auto-detector was able to find more than three times the number of events detected by analysts. With our newly assembled data set of automatically detected earthquakes, we were able to determine that there was an increase in the rate of earthquake occurrence during the 2014 slow slip event.},
	keywords = {earthquake detection, Hikurangi, ocean bottom seismometers, seismicity, slow slip event, subduction},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GC010537},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	author = {Yarce, Jefferson and Sheehan, Anne F. and Roecker, Steven}
}
@article {iwasaki_continuous_2022,
	title = {Continuous Tremor Activity With Stable Polarization Direction Following the 2014 Large Slow Slip Event in the Hikurangi Subduction Margin Offshore New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {127},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JB022161},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {e2021JB022161},
	abstract = {Many types of slow earthquakes have been discovered at subduction zones around the world. However, the physical process of these slow earthquakes is not well understood. To monitor offshore slow earthquakes, a marine seismic and geodetic experiment was conducted at the Hikurangi subduction margin from May 2014 to June 2015. During this experiment, a large slow slip event (Mw 6.8) occurred directly beneath the ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network. In this study, S-wave splitting and polarization analysis methods, which have been previously used on onshore data to investigate tremor and anisotropy, are applied to continuous OBS waveform data to identify tremors that are too small to detect by the envelope cross correlation method. Continuous tremor activity with stable polarization directions is detected at the end of the 2014 slow slip event and continued for about 2 weeks. The tremors are generated around a southwest bend in the slow slip contours and at the landward edge of a subducted seamount. Our findings corroborate a previous interpretation, based on burst-type repeating earthquakes and intermittent tremor, that localized slow slip and tremor around the seamount was triggered by fluid migration following the large plate boundary slow slip event and indicate tremor occurred continuously rather than as isolated and sporadic individual events.},
	keywords = {New Zealand, polarization, S-wave splitting, Seamount, slow slip, tremor},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JB022161},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JB022161},
	author = {Iwasaki, Yuriko and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Ishise, Motoko and Todd, Erin K. and Schwartz, Susan Y. and Zal, Hubert and Savage, Martha K. and Henrys, Stuart and Sheehan, Anne F. and Ito, Yoshihiro and Wallace, Laura M. and Webb, Spahr C. and Yamada, Tomoaki and Shinohara, Masanao}
}
@article {le_seismic_2022,
	title = {Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume-Lithosphere Interactions},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {127},
	number = {11},
	year = {2022},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JB023822},
	month = {10/2022},
	pages = {e2021JB023822},
	abstract = {We infer the lithospheric structure beneath the Hawaiian Swell based on a joint inversion of ambient noise and teleseismic Rayleigh waves collected during the PLUME experiment. These combined datasets let us use Rayleigh waves with a period range of 8{\textendash}50 s that provides imaging resolution for the shallow lithosphere and constrains interactions between the upwelling plume and migrating plate. We find an elongated low-velocity anomaly beneath the lithosphere along the island chain that connects to the plume conduit, consistent with the melting region associated with a restite hotspot swell root that has mechanically eroded the base of its overlying lithosphere. It could also be consistent with a plume refracted by the overriding plate motion if the plume could manage to deeply erode the lithospheric base, as only a more viscous restite root is seen to do in thermomechanical experiments. There is also a low-velocity body beneath the North Arch that coincides with the location of recent off-chain volcanic fields discovered there. Its location relative to the Molokai Fracture Zone (MFZ) supports the concept that swell-root material has preferentially spread beneath the younger side of the MFZ. We also find a clear low-velocity anomaly associated with the uppermost \~{}50 km of the fracture zone lithosphere. The relatively well-resolved shallow lithospheric structure determined here allows us to estimate the volumes of underplating and the total flux of the rising plume material that is added beneath the Hawaiian lithosphere, which we constrain to be in the range of 0.5{\textendash}0.6 km3/yr.},
	keywords = {ambient noise, Hawaiian swell, Rayleigh waves, tomography, underplating},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JB023822},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JB023822},
	author = {Le, Ba Manh and Yang, Ting and Morgan, Jason P.}
}
@article {wang_temporal_2022,
	title = {Temporal velocity variations in the northern Hikurangi margin and the relation to slow slip},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {584},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	pages = {117443},
	abstract = {Slow slip events (SSE) have been studied in increasing detail over the last 20 years, improving our understanding of subduction zone processes. Although the relationship between SSEs and the physical properties of their surrounding materials is still not well-understood, the northern Hikurangi margin in New Zealand is the site of relatively shallow (<10 km deep), frequent SSEs, providing excellent opportunities for near-field investigations. From September to October 2014, an SSE occurred with more than 250 mm slip, and was recorded successfully by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) deployment. This study applies scattered wave interferometry to ambient noise data acquired by nine HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) to study the seismic velocity variations related to the SSE. Single station cross-component correlations are computed within a period band that focuses on the upper plate in our study region. The average velocity variations display a decrease on the order of 0.05\% during the SSE, followed by an increase of similar magnitude afterwards. We suggest two possibilities. The first possibility, which has been suggested by other seismological observations, is that the SSE causes a low-permeability seal on the plate boundary to break. The break allows fluid to migrate into the upper plate, causing a seismic velocity decrease during the SSE because of increased pore fluid volume in the upper plate. Under this model, after the SSE, the fluids in the upper plate diffuse gradually and the velocity increases again. The second possibility is the velocity changes are related to changes in crustal strain during the slow slip cycle, whereby elastic strain accumulates prior to the SSE, causing contraction and reduction of porosity and therefore increase of velocity above the SSE source (the seismic velocity increases between SSEs). During the SSE the upper plate goes into extension as the elastic strain is released, which results in dilation and a porosity increase (seismic velocity reduction). After the SSE, stress and strain accumulate again, causing a porosity decrease and a velocity increase.},
	keywords = {ambient noise, seismic velocity variations, slow slip event, the Hikurangi subduction zone},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117443},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X22000796},
	author = {Wang, Weiwei and Savage, Martha K. and Yates, Alexander and Zal, Hubert J. and Webb, Spahr and Boulton, Carolyn and Warren-Smith, Emily and Madley, Megan and Stern, Tim and Fry, Bill and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura}
}
@article {an_characteristics_2021,
	title = {Characteristics of Low-Frequency Horizontal Noise of Ocean-Bottom Seismic Data},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {257{\textendash}267},
	abstract = {Horizontal records of ocean-bottom seismographs are usually noisy at low frequencies (\&lt; 0.1~Hz). The noise source is believed to be associated with ocean-bottom currents that may tilt the instrument. Currently horizontal records are mainly used to remove the coherent noise in vertical records, and there has been little literature that quantitatively discusses the mechanism and characteristics of low-frequency horizontal noise. In this article, we analyze in situ ocean-bottom measurements by rotating the data horizontally and evaluating the coherency between different channels. Results suggest that the horizontal noise consists of two components, random noise and principle noise whose direction barely changes in time. The amplitude and the direction of the latter are possibly related to the intensity and direction of ocean-bottom currents. Rotating the horizontal records to the direction of the principle noise can largely suppress the principle noise in the orthogonal horizontal channel. In addition, the horizontal noise is incoherent with pressure, indicating that the noise source is not ocean surface water waves (infragravity waves). At some stations in shallow waters (\&lt;300~m), horizontal noise around 0.07~Hz is found to be linearly proportional to the temporal derivative of pressure, which is explained by forces of added mass due to infragravity waves.},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220200349},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200349},
	author = {An, Chao and Cai, Chen and Zhou, Lei and Yang, Ting}
}
@article {zhu_upper_2021,
	title = {Upper Mantle Hydration Indicated by Decreased Shear Velocity Near the Southern Mariana Trench From Rayleigh Wave Tomography},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	number = {15},
	year = {2021},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL093309},
	month = {07/2021},
	pages = {e2021GL093309},
	abstract = {Reduction of seismic velocities has been employed to study the hydration of incoming plates and forearc mantle in recent years. However, few constraints have been obtained in the Southern Mariana Trench. We use an ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) deployment to conduct Rayleigh wave tomographic studies to derive the SV-wave velocity structure near the Southern Mariana Trench. Measured group and phase velocities as a function of period are inverted to determine the SV-wave velocity using a Bayesian Monte Carlo algorithm. The incoming Pacific Plate is characterized by low velocities (3.6{\textendash}4.1 km/s) within the upper \~{}25 km of the mantle near the trench, indicating extensive mantle hydration of the incoming plate in southern Mariana. The velocity reduction in the forearc mantle is not as large as in central Mariana, most likely indicating a lower forearc serpentinization in this region, which is consistent with the absence of serpentinite mud volcanoes.},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GL093309},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL093309},
	author = {Zhu, Gaohua and Wiens, Douglas A. and Yang, Hongfeng and Lin, Jian and Xu, Min and You, Qingyu}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Temporal and spatial variations in seismic anisotropy and V P /V S ratios in a region of slow slip},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {532},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {115970},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {In September 2014, a five week long slow slip event (SSE) occurred near Gisborne at the northern Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, and was recorded by offshore instruments deployed by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) project. Up to 25 cm of slip occurred directly below the HOBITSS array. We calculate shear wave splitting (SWS) and V P / V S ratios for event-station pairs on HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers and onshore GeoNet seismic stations to determine the relationship in time and space between slow slip and these seismic properties. Spatial averaging of SWS fast azimuths yields trench-perpendicular fast azimuths in some areas, suggesting that compressive stress from plate convergence closes microcracks and controls anisotropy in the upper-plate. Variations from the trench perpendicular directions are observed near a subducting seamount, with directions closely resembling fracture and fault patterns created by subducting seamounts previously observed in both laboratory and field experiments. Temporal variations in fast azimuths are observed at three stations, two of which are located above the seamount, suggesting measurable variations in stress orientations. During the SSE, median V P / V S measurements across all offshore stations increase from 1.817 to 1.894 and SWS delay times decrease from 0.178 s to 0.139 s (both changes are significant within 95\% confidence intervals). Temporal variations in V P / V S and delay time are consistent with fluid pressurization below a permeability barrier and movement of fluids during the rupture of a slow-slip patch.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115970},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1123727644},
	author = {Zal, Hubert Jerzy and Jacobs, Katrina and Savage, Martha Kane and Yarce, Jefferson and Mroczek, Stefan and Graham, Kenny and Todd, Erin K. and Nakai, Jenny and Iwasaki, Yuriko and Sheehan, Anne and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura and Schwartz, Susan and Webb, Spahr and Henrys, Stuart}
}
@article {Yang2019,
	title = {A Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Empirical Green{\textquoteright}s Functions at Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in Cascadia},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {90},
	number = {2A},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {744{\textendash}753},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220180273},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article/90/2A/744/567980/A-Comprehensive-Quality-Analysis-of-Empirical},
	author = {Yang, Xiaotao and Gao, Haiying and Rathnayaka, Sampath and Li, Cong}
}
@article {yarce_seismicity_2019,
	title = {Seismicity at the Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, and Investigation of the Potential Spatial and Temporal Relationships With a Shallow Slow Slip Event},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JB017211},
	pages = {4751{\textendash}4766},
	abstract = {In 2014{\textendash}2015, the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip experiment deployed seafloor absolute pressure gauges and ocean bottom seismometers directly above a large slow slip event, allowing examination of the relationship between slow slip and earthquakes in detail. Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip data were combined with nearby existing land stations to create a catalog of microseismicity consisting of 2,300 earthquakes ranging in magnitude between 0.5 and 4.7 that is complete to magnitude 1.5, yielding almost twice as many events as detected by the onshore networks alone. This greatly improves the seismicity catalog for this active subduction zone margin, especially in the offshore portion that was difficult to study using only the inland permanent seismic network. The new locations for the events within the footprint of the offshore network show that earthquakes near the trench are systematically shallower than and NW (landward) of their locations using only land-based stations. Our results indicate that Hikurangi seismicity is concentrated in two NE-SW bands, one offshore beneath the outer forearc wedge, one onshore beneath the eastern Raukumara Peninsula, and the majority of earthquakes are within the subducting Pacific plate with a smaller percent at the plate interface. We find a 20-km wide northeast trending gap in microseismicity between the two bands and beneath the inner forearc wedge and this gap in seismicity borders the downdip edge of a slow slip patch.},
	keywords = {gap, Hikurangi, ocean bottom seismometers, seismicity, slow slip},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB017211},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB017211},
	author = {Yarce, J. and Sheehan, A. F. and Nakai, J. S. and Schwartz, S. Y. and Mochizuki, K. and Savage, M. K. and Wallace, L. M. and Henrys, S. A. and Webb, S. C. and Ito, Y. and Abercrombie, R. E. and Fry, B. and Shaddox, H. and Todd, E. K.}
}
@article {Isse2019,
	title = {Surface wave tomography for the Pacific Ocean incorporating seafloor seismic observations and plate thermal evolution},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {510},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {116{\textendash}130},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.033},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X19300032},
	author = {Isse, Takehi and Kawakatsu, Hitoshi and Yoshizawa, Kazunori and Takeo, Akiko and Shiobara, Hajime and Sugioka, Hiroko and Ito, Aki and Suetsugu, Daisuke and Reymond, Dominique}
}
@article {todd_earthquakes_2018,
	title = {Earthquakes and Tremor Linked to Seamount Subduction During Shallow Slow Slip at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {123},
	number = {8},
	year = {2018},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JB016136},
	pages = {6769{\textendash}6783},
	abstract = {Shallow slow slip events have been well documented offshore Gisborne at the northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, and are associated with tectonic tremor downdip of the slow slip patch and increases in local microseismicity. Tremor and seismicity on the shallow subduction interface are often poorly resolved due to their distance from land-based seismic and geodetic networks. To address this shortcoming, the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip experiment deployed 24 absolute pressure gauges and 15 ocean bottom seismometers on the seafloor above the Gisborne slow slip patch to investigate the spatial and temporal extent of slow slip and associated tremor and earthquake activity. We present a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the seismic signatures of various interplate slip processes associated with the September/October 2014 Gisborne slow slip event. Tectonic tremor begins toward the end and continues after the geodetically constrained slow slip event and is localized in the vicinity of two subducted seamounts within and updip of the slow slip patch. The subsequent, rather than synchronous occurrence of tremor suggests that tremor may be triggered by stress changes induced by slow slip. However, Coulomb failure stress change models based on the slow slip distribution fail to predict the location of tremor, suggesting that seamount subduction plays a dominant role in the stress state of the shallow megathrust. This and the observed interplay of seismic and aseismic interplate slip processes imply that stress changes from slow slip play a secondary role in the distribution of associated microseismicity.},
	keywords = {earthquake, New Zealand, Seamount, slow slip, subduction, tremor},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016136},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB016136},
	author = {Todd, Erin K. and Schwartz, Susan Y. and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura M. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Webb, Spahr C. and Williams, Charles A. and Nakai, Jenny and Yarce, Jefferson and Fry, Bill and Henrys, Stuart and Ito, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {Yeck2017,
	title = {Offshore Rayleigh group velocity observations of the South Island, New Zealand, from ambient noise data},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {209},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	month = {may},
	pages = {827{\textendash}841},
	issn = {0956-540X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggx054},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/209/2/827/2998716},
	author = {Yeck, William L. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Stachnik, Joshua C. and Lin, Fan-Chi}
}
@article {Ball2016,
	title = {Lithospheric shear velocity structure of South Island, New Zealand, from amphibious Rayleigh wave tomography},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {121},
	number = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {may},
	pages = {3686{\textendash}3702},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JB012726},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JB012726},
	author = {Ball, Justin S. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Stachnik, Joshua C. and Lin, Fan-Chi and Yeck, William L. and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {godin_power_2013,
	title = {Power spectra of infragravity waves in a deep ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {40},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/grl.50418},
	pages = {2159{\textendash}2165},
	abstract = {AbstractInfragravity waves (IGWs) play an important role in coupling wave processes in the ocean, ice shelves, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. Due to the paucity of experimental data, little quantitative information is available about power spectra of IGWs away from the shore. Here we use continuous, yearlong records of pressure at 28 locations on the seafloor off New Zealand{\textquoteright}s South Island to investigate spectral and spatial distribution of IGW energy. Dimensional analysis of diffuse IGW fields reveals universal properties of the power spectra observed at different water depths and leads to a simple, predictive model of the IGW spectra. While sources of IGWs off New Zealand are found to have a flat power spectrum, the IGW energy density has a pronounced dependence on frequency and local water depth as a result of the interaction of the waves with varying bathymetry.},
	keywords = {deep ocean, random wave fields, Surface gravity waves, wave spectra},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.50418},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/grl.50418},
	author = {Godin, Oleg A. and Zabotin, Nikolay A. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Yang, Zhaohui and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {yang_character_2012,
	title = {The character of seafloor ambient noise recorded offshore New Zealand: Results from the MOANA ocean bottom seismic experiment},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2012GC004201},
	abstract = {{We analyze the characteristics of ambient noise recorded on ocean-bottom seismographs using data from the 2009{\textendash}2010 MOANA (Marine Observations of Anisotropy Near Aotearoa) seismic experiment deployed west and east of South Island, New Zealand. Microseism and infragravity noise peaks are clear on data recorded on the vertical channel of the seismometer and on the pressure sensor. The noise levels in the infragravity band (<0.03 Hz) on the horizontal seismometer channels are too high to show the infragravity peak. There is a small difference (\~{}0.25 Hz versus \~{}0.2 Hz) in microseism peak frequencies between the two sides of the South Island on all three seismic channels. Our results show clear depth dependence between the peak frequency of infragravity waves and the water depth. We find that the product of water depth and wave number at the peak frequency is a constant},
	keywords = {continental shelf, infragravity wave, New Zealand, noise, OBS},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2012GC004201},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2012GC004201},
	author = {Yang, Zhaohui and Sheehan, Anne F. and Collins, John A. and Laske, Gabi}
}
@article {stachnik_determination_2012,
	title = {Determination of New Zealand Ocean Bottom Seismometer Orientation via Rayleigh-Wave Polarization},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {83},
	number = {4},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {704{\textendash}713},
	abstract = {Online material: Complete list of earthquakes used in this study.},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220110128},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1785/0220110128},
	author = {Stachnik, J. C. and Sheehan, A. F. and Zietlow, D. W. and Yang, Z. and Collins, J. and Ferris, A.}
}
@article {yao_structure_2011,
	title = {Structure of young East Pacific Rise lithosphere from ambient noise correlation analysis of fundamental- and higher-mode Scholte-Rayleigh waves},
	journal = {Nouveaux d{\'e}veloppements de l{\textquoteright}imagerie et du suivi temporel {\`a} partir du bruit sismique},
	volume = {343},
	number = {8},
	year = {2011},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {571{\textendash}583},
	abstract = {Inter-station Green{\textquoteright}s functions estimated from ambient noise studies have been widely used to investigate crustal structure. However, most studies are restricted to continental areas and use fundamental-mode surface waves only. In this study, we recover inter-station surface (Scholte-Rayleigh) wave empirical Green{\textquoteright}s function (EGFs) of both the fundamental- and the first-higher mode using one year of continuous seismic noise records on the vertical component from 28 ocean bottom seismographs deployed in the Quebrada/Discovery/Gofar transform faults region on the East Pacific Rise. The average phase-velocity dispersion of the fundamental mode (period band 2{\textendash}30s) and the first-higher mode (period band 3{\textendash}7s) from all EGFs are used to invert for the 1-D average, shear-velocity structure in the crust and uppermost mantle using a model-space search algorithm. The preferred shear-velocity models reveal low velocities (4.29km/s) between Moho and 25km depth below sea-surface, suggesting the absence of a fast uppermost mantle lid in this young (0{\textendash}2Myr) oceanic region. An even more pronounced low-velocity zone, with shear velocities \~{}3.85km/s, appears at a depth between 25{\textendash}40km below sea-surface. Along with previous results, our study indicates that the shear velocity in the uppermost oceanic mantle increases with increasing seafloor age, consistent with age-related lithospheric cooling. R{\'e}sum{\'e} Les fonctions de Green estim{\'e}es {\`a} partir de l{\textquoteright}analyse du bruit ambiant ont beaucoup {\'e}t{\'e} utilis{\'e}es pour {\'e}tudier la structure de la cro{\^u}te terrestre. La plupart de ces travaux sont toutefois limit{\'e}s aux zones continentales, et ne consid{\`e}rent que le mode fondamental des ondes de surface. Dans cette {\'e}tude, les fonctions de Green empiriques (EGFs) du mode fondamental et du premier mode sup{\'e}rieur des ondes de surface (Scholte-Rayleigh) sont reconstruites {\`a} partir d{\textquoteright}une ann{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}enregistrements continus de la composante verticale du bruit sismique sur 28 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) d{\'e}ploy{\'e}s dans la r{\'e}gion des failles transformantes Quebrada/Discovery/Gofar, le long de la dorsale oc{\'e}anique du Pacifique Est. La dispersion moyenne des vitesses de phase du mode fondamental (dans la bande de p{\'e}riode 2{\textendash}30s) et du premier mode sup{\'e}rieur (dans la bande 3{\textendash}7s), issus des EGFs, est utilis{\'e}e pour d{\'e}terminer un mod{\`e}le moyen 1D de la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement dans la cro{\^u}te et le manteau sup{\'e}rieur {\`a} partir d{\textquoteright}un algorithme de recherche dans l{\textquoteright}espace mod{\`e}le. Le mod{\`e}le de vitesse des ondes de cisaillement r{\'e}sultant pr{\'e}sente une couche de faible vitesse (4,29km/s) entre le Moho et 25km sous le niveau de la mer, ce qui sugg{\`e}re l{\textquoteright}absence de couche superficielle rapide dans le manteau sup{\'e}rieur de cette jeune r{\'e}gion oc{\'e}anique (0{\textendash}2millions d{\textquoteright}ann{\'e}es). Une zone de faible vitesse encore plus prononc{\'e}e, avec une vitesse de cisaillement de \~{}3,85km/s, appara{\^\i}t entre 25 et 40km sous le niveau de la mer. Combin{\'e}e avec des r{\'e}sultats ant{\'e}rieurs, notre {\'e}tude montre que la vitesse de cisaillement dans le manteau oc{\'e}anique sup{\'e}rieur augmente avec l{\textquoteright}{\^a}ge du fond oc{\'e}anique, ce qui est en accord avec le refroidissement dans le temps de la lithosph{\`e}re.},
	keywords = {ambient noise, Bruit ambiant, Dorsale Est Pacifique, East Pacific Rise, Fundamental- and higher-mode Scholte-Rayleigh waves, Lithosphere, Low-velocity zone, Manteau oc{\'e}anique sup{\'e}rieur, Modes fondamental et sup{\'e}rieur des ondes de Scholte-Rayleigh, Oceanic Uppermost Mantle, Zone de faible vitesse},
	issn = {1631-0713},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2011.04.004},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071311000952},
	author = {Yao, Huajian and Gou{\'e}dard, Pierre and Collins, John A. and McGuire, Jeffrey J. and van der Hilst, Robert D.}
}
