@article {wamba_data-space_2025,
	title = {Data-space cross-validation of mantle structure in global tomographic models underneath the Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {241},
	number = {1},
	year = {2025},
	note = {_eprint: https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-pdf/241/1/241/61706719/ggaf044.pdf},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {241{\textendash}259},
	abstract = {Seismic tomography is a principal method for studying mantle structure, but imaging of Earth{\textquoteright}s wave speed anomalies is conditioned by seismic wave sampling. Global models use misfit criteria that may strive for balance between portions of the data set but can leave important regional domains underserved. We evaluate two full-waveform global tomography wave speed models, GLAD-M25 (Global adjoint tomography model) and SEMUCB-WM1 (whole-mantle tomography model derived from fully numerical spectral element method forward modelling), in the mantle below the Pacific Ocean. The region of the South Pacific Superswell contains multiple hotspots which may be fed by plumes anchored in the Large Low Shear-Velocity Province at the base of the mantle. The uneven distribution of seismic receivers worldwide leaves several candidate plumes beneath various hotspots poorly resolved. We assess the regional quality of GLAD-M25 relative to its global performance using a partition of the seismic waveform data used in its construction. We evaluate synthetic waveforms computed using the spectral-element method to determine how well they fit the data according to a variety of criteria measured across multiple seismic phases and frequency bands. The distributions of traveltime anomalies that remain in GLAD-M25 are wider for trans-Pacific paths than globally, suggesting comparatively insufficiently resolved seismic velocity structure in the region of interest. Hence, Pacific-centred regional inversions, based on (augmented) subsets of the global data set have the potential to enhance the resolution of velocity structure. We compare GLAD-M25 and SEMUCB-WM1 by cross-validation with a new, independent, data set. Our results reveal that short- and long-wavelength structure is captured differently by the two models. Our findings lead us to recommend focusing future model iteration on and around the Pacific Superswell and adding data that sample new corridors, especially using ocean sensors, to better constrain seismic velocity structure in this area of significant geodynamic complexity.},
	issn = {1365-246X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaf044},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaf044},
	author = {Wamba, Mathurin D and Simons, Frederik J and Irving, Jessica C E}
}
