@article {eilon_sub-lithospheric_2022,
	title = {Sub-Lithospheric Small-Scale Convection Tomographically Imaged Beneath the Pacific Plate},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {49},
	number = {18},
	year = {2022},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022GL100351},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {e2022GL100351},
	abstract = {Small-scale convection beneath the oceanic plates has been invoked to explain off-axis nonplume volcanism, departure from simple seafloor depth-age relationships, and intraplate gravity lineations. We deployed 30 broadband ocean bottom seismometer stations on \~{}40 Ma Pacific seafloor in a region notable for gravity anomalies, measured by satellite altimetry, elongated parallel to plate motion. P-wave teleseismic tomography reveals alternating upper mantle velocity anomalies on the order of {\textpm}2\%, aligned with the gravity lineations. These features, which correspond to \~{}300{\textdegree}{\textendash}500{\textdegree}K lateral temperature contrast, and possible hydrous or carbonatitic partial melt, are{\textemdash}surprisingly{\textemdash}strongest between 150 and 260 km depth, indicating rapid vertical motions through a low-viscosity asthenospheric channel. Coherence and admittance analysis of gravity and topography using new multibeam bathymetry soundings substantiates the presence of mantle density variations, and forward modeling predicts gravity anomalies that qualitatively match observed lineations. This study provides observational support for small-scale convective rolls beneath the oceanic plates.},
	keywords = {asthenosphere, body wave tomography, mantle convection, ocean bottom seismometer, oceanic lithosphere},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL100351},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GL100351},
	author = {Eilon, Zachary C. and Zhang, Lun and Gaherty, James B. and Forsyth, Donald W. and Russell, Joshua B.}
}
@article {eilon_depth-dependent_2020,
	title = {Depth-Dependent Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Juan de Fuca Plate System},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {125},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020JB019477},
	pages = {e2020JB019477},
	abstract = {We use surface wave measurements to reveal anisotropy as a function of depth within the Juan de Fuca and Gorda plate system. Using a two-plane wave method, we measure phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves, solving for anisotropic shear velocity. These surface wave measurements are jointly inverted with constraints from SKS splitting studies using a Markov chain approach. We show that the two data sets are consistent and present inversions that offer new constraints on the vertical distribution of strain beneath the plates and the processes at spreading centers. Anisotropy of the Juan de Fuca plate interior is strongest ( 2.4\%) in the low-velocity zone between 40- to 90-km depth, with ENE direction driven by relative shear between plate motion and mantle return flow from the Cascadia subduction zone. In disagreement with Pn measurements, weak ( 1.1\%) lithospheric anisotropy in Juan de Fuca is highly oblique to the expected ridge-perpendicular direction, perhaps connoting complex intralithospheric fabrics associated with melt or off-axis downwelling. In the Gorda microplate, strong shallow anisotropy ( 1.9\%) is consistent with Pn inversions and aligned with spreading and may be enhanced by edge-driven internal strain. Weak anisotropy with ambiguous orientation in the low-velocity zone can be explained by Gorda{\textquoteright}s youth and modest motion relative to the Pacific. Deeper (>=90 km) fabric appears controlled by regional flow fields modulated by the Farallon slab edge: anisotropy is strong ( 1.8\%) beneath Gorda, but absent beneath the Juan de Fuca, which is in the strain shadow of the slab.},
	keywords = {mantle fabric, oceanic asthenosphere, oceanic lithosphere, surface wave anisotropy},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JB019477},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JB019477},
	author = {Eilon, Zachary C. and Forsyth, Donald W.}
}
