@article {zheng_characterizing_2024,
	title = {Characterizing Sub-Seafloor Seismic Structure of the Alaska Peninsula Along the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {129},
	number = {11},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2024JB029862},
	pages = {e2024JB029862},
	abstract = {Abstract A shallow sub-seafloor seismic model that includes well-determined seismic velocities and clarifies sediment-crust discontinuities is needed to characterize the physical properties of marine sediments and the oceanic crust and to serve as a reference for deeper seismic modeling endeavors. This study estimates the seismic structure of marine sediments and the shallow oceanic crust of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone at the Alaska Peninsula, using data from the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE). We measure seafloor compliance and Ps converted wave delays from AACSE ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) and seafloor pressure data and interpret these measurements using a joint Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion to produce a sub-seafloor S-wave velocity model beneath each available OBS station. The sediment thickness across the array varies considerably, ranging from about 50 m to 2.80 km, with the thickest sediment located in the continental slope. Lithological composition plays an important role in shaping the seismic properties of seafloor sediment. Deep-sea deposits on the incoming plate, which contain biogenic materials, tend to have reduced S-wave velocities, contrasting with the clay-rich sediments in the shallow continental shelf and continental slope. A difference in S-wave velocities is observed for upper oceanic crust formed at fast-rate (Shumagin) and intermediate-rate (Semidi) spreading centers. The reduced S-wave velocities in the Semidi crust may be caused by increased faulting and possible lithological variations, related to a previous period of intermediate-rate spreading.},
	keywords = {Alaska peninsula, seafloor compliance, sub-seafloor structure},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029862},
	author = {Zheng, Mengjie and Sheehan, Anne F. and Liu, Chuanming and Wu, Mengyu and Ritzwoller, Michael H.}
}
@article {liu_seismic_2024,
	title = {Seismic Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Alaska Subduction Zone},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {51},
	number = {14},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2024GL109758},
	month = {07/2024},
	pages = {e2024GL109758},
	abstract = {We estimate depth-dependent azimuthal anisotropy and shear wave velocity structure beneath the Alaska subduction zone by the inversion of a new Rayleigh wave dispersion dataset from 8 to 85 s period. We present a layered azimuthal anisotropy model from the forearc region offshore to the subduction zone onshore. In the forearc crust, we find a trench-parallel pattern in the Semidi and Kodiak segments, while a trench-oblique pattern is observed in the Shumagins segment. These fast directions agree well with the orientations of local faults. Within the subducted slab, a dichotomous pattern of anisotropy fast axes is observed along the trench, which is consistent with the orientation of fossil anisotropy generated at the mid-ocean ridges of the Pacific-Vancouver and Kula-Pacific plates that is preserved during subduction. Beneath the subducted slab, a trench-parallel pattern is observed near the trench, which may indicate the direction of mantle flow.},
	keywords = {Alaska subduction zone, aleutian subduction zone, azimuthal anisotropy, seismic anisotropy, surface wave, surface wave tomography},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2024GL109758},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024GL109758},
	author = {Liu, Chuanming and Sheehan, Anne F. and Ritzwoller, Michael H.}
}
@article {yarce_temporal_2023,
	title = {Temporal Relationship of Slow Slip Events and Microearthquake Seismicity: Insights From Earthquake Automatic Detections in the Northern Hikurangi Margin, Aotearoa New Zealand},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {e2022GC010537},
	abstract = {Slow slip events in the northern Hikurangi margin of Aotearoa New Zealand occur every 18{\textendash}24 months and last for several weeks before returning to average convergence rates of around 38 mm/yr. Along this plate boundary, the Hikurangi plateau subducts beneath the overlying Australian plate and slow slip events occur along their plate interface at depths between 2 and 15 km. To explore whether there is a temporal relationship between slow slip events and earthquake occurrence, the Regressive ESTimator automated phase arrival detection and onset estimation algorithm was applied to a data set of continuous waveform data collected by both land and ocean bottom seismometers. This detector uses an autoregressive algorithm with iterative refinement to first detect seismic events and then create a catalog of hypocenters and P and S wave arrival times. Results are compared with an available catalog of manually detected seismic events. The auto-detector was able to find more than three times the number of events detected by analysts. With our newly assembled data set of automatically detected earthquakes, we were able to determine that there was an increase in the rate of earthquake occurrence during the 2014 slow slip event.},
	keywords = {earthquake detection, Hikurangi, ocean bottom seismometers, seismicity, slow slip event, subduction},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GC010537},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	author = {Yarce, Jefferson and Sheehan, Anne F. and Roecker, Steven}
}
@article {iwasaki_continuous_2022,
	title = {Continuous Tremor Activity With Stable Polarization Direction Following the 2014 Large Slow Slip Event in the Hikurangi Subduction Margin Offshore New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {127},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JB022161},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {e2021JB022161},
	abstract = {Many types of slow earthquakes have been discovered at subduction zones around the world. However, the physical process of these slow earthquakes is not well understood. To monitor offshore slow earthquakes, a marine seismic and geodetic experiment was conducted at the Hikurangi subduction margin from May 2014 to June 2015. During this experiment, a large slow slip event (Mw 6.8) occurred directly beneath the ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network. In this study, S-wave splitting and polarization analysis methods, which have been previously used on onshore data to investigate tremor and anisotropy, are applied to continuous OBS waveform data to identify tremors that are too small to detect by the envelope cross correlation method. Continuous tremor activity with stable polarization directions is detected at the end of the 2014 slow slip event and continued for about 2 weeks. The tremors are generated around a southwest bend in the slow slip contours and at the landward edge of a subducted seamount. Our findings corroborate a previous interpretation, based on burst-type repeating earthquakes and intermittent tremor, that localized slow slip and tremor around the seamount was triggered by fluid migration following the large plate boundary slow slip event and indicate tremor occurred continuously rather than as isolated and sporadic individual events.},
	keywords = {New Zealand, polarization, S-wave splitting, Seamount, slow slip, tremor},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JB022161},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JB022161},
	author = {Iwasaki, Yuriko and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Ishise, Motoko and Todd, Erin K. and Schwartz, Susan Y. and Zal, Hubert and Savage, Martha K. and Henrys, Stuart and Sheehan, Anne F. and Ito, Yoshihiro and Wallace, Laura M. and Webb, Spahr C. and Yamada, Tomoaki and Shinohara, Masanao}
}
@article {nakai_near_2021,
	title = {Near Trench 3D Seismic Attenuation Offshore Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, North Island, New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {126},
	number = {3},
	year = {2021},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020JB020810},
	month = {02/2021},
	pages = {e2020JB020810},
	abstract = {We image seismic attenuation near the Hikurangi trench offshore New Zealand, using ocean bottom and land-based seismometers, revealing high attenuation above a recurring shallow slow-slip event and within the subducting Hikurangi Plateau. The Hikurangi subduction margin east of the North Island, New Zealand is the site of frequent shallow slow slip events. Overpressured fluids are hypothesized to lead to slow slip at shallow depths close to the oceanic trench. Seismic attenuation, energy loss of seismic waves, can be used to detect high temperatures, melt, the presence of fluids, and fractures. We use local earthquake P- and S-waves from 180 earthquakes to invert for t*, and subsequently invert for Qp and Qs, offshore the North Island directly above the area of slow slip. We image Qp and Qs to \~{}25 km depth, increasing resolution of previously identified coastal low Q (100{\textendash}300), and finding a new region of even higher attenuation (Qp and Qs < 50{\textendash}100) directly above the shallow slow slip event of 2014{\textendash}2015, beneath the offshore seismic array. This highest attenuation is downdip of a subducting seamount, and is spatially correlated with a high seismic reflectivity zone and Vp/Vs > 1.85, all of which provide evidence for the presence of fluids. The Qp and Qs is low at the trench (<50{\textendash}100) and in the subducting plate (100{\textendash}200), suggesting that seismic wave scattering due to faults, fractures, and the inherent heterogeneous composition of the Hikurangi Plateau, a large igneous province, plays a role in seismic attenuation.},
	keywords = {fluids, seismic attenuation, subduction zone},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JB020810},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JB020810},
	author = {Nakai, Jenny S. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Abercrombie, Rachel E. and Eberhart-Phillips, Donna}
}
@article {barcheck_alaska_2020,
	title = {The Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {91},
	number = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {3054{\textendash}3063},
	abstract = {The Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE) is a shoreline-crossing passive- and active-source seismic experiment that took place from May 2018 through August 2019 along an \~{}700  km long section of the Aleutian subduction zone spanning Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The experiment featured 105 broadband seismometers; 30 were deployed onshore, and 75 were deployed offshore in Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) packages. Additional strong-motion instruments were also deployed at six onshore seismic sites. Offshore OBS stretched from the outer rise across the trench to the shelf. OBSs in shallow water (\&lt;262  m depth) were deployed with a trawl-resistant shield, and deeper OBSs were unshielded. Additionally, a number of OBS-mounted strong-motion instruments, differential and absolute pressure gauges, hydrophones, and temperature and salinity sensors were deployed. OBSs were deployed on two cruises of the R/V Sikuliaq in May and July 2018 and retrieved on two cruises aboard the R/V Sikuliaq and R/V Langseth in August{\textendash}September 2019. A complementary 398-instrument nodal seismometer array was deployed on Kodiak Island for four weeks in May{\textendash}June 2019, and an active-source seismic survey on the R/V Langseth was arranged in June 2019 to shoot into the AACSE broadband network and the nodes. Additional underway data from cruises include seafloor bathymetry and sub-bottom profiles, with extra data collected near the rupture zone of the 2018 Mw~7.9 offshore-Kodiak earthquake. The AACSE network was deployed simultaneously with the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) in Alaska, effectively densifying and extending the TA offshore in the region of the Alaska Peninsula. AACSE is a community experiment, and all data were made available publicly as soon as feasible in appropriate repositories.},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220200189},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200189},
	author = {Barcheck, Grace and Abers, Geoffrey A. and Adams, Aubreya N. and B{\'e}cel, Anne and Collins, John and Gaherty, James B. and Haeussler, Peter J. and Li, Zongshan and Moore, Ginevra and Onyango, Evans and Roland, Emily and Sampson, Daniel E. and Schwartz, Susan Y. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Shillington, Donna J. and Shore, Patrick J. and Webb, Spahr and Wiens, Douglas A. and Worthington, Lindsay L.}
}
@article {Sheehan2019,
	title = {Improving Forecast Accuracy With Tsunami Data Assimilation: The 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, Tsunami},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {566{\textendash}577},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016575},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB016575},
	author = {Sheehan, Anne F. and Gusman, Aditya R. and Satake, Kenji}
}
@article {todd_earthquakes_2018,
	title = {Earthquakes and Tremor Linked to Seamount Subduction During Shallow Slow Slip at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {123},
	number = {8},
	year = {2018},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JB016136},
	pages = {6769{\textendash}6783},
	abstract = {Shallow slow slip events have been well documented offshore Gisborne at the northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, and are associated with tectonic tremor downdip of the slow slip patch and increases in local microseismicity. Tremor and seismicity on the shallow subduction interface are often poorly resolved due to their distance from land-based seismic and geodetic networks. To address this shortcoming, the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip experiment deployed 24 absolute pressure gauges and 15 ocean bottom seismometers on the seafloor above the Gisborne slow slip patch to investigate the spatial and temporal extent of slow slip and associated tremor and earthquake activity. We present a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the seismic signatures of various interplate slip processes associated with the September/October 2014 Gisborne slow slip event. Tectonic tremor begins toward the end and continues after the geodetically constrained slow slip event and is localized in the vicinity of two subducted seamounts within and updip of the slow slip patch. The subsequent, rather than synchronous occurrence of tremor suggests that tremor may be triggered by stress changes induced by slow slip. However, Coulomb failure stress change models based on the slow slip distribution fail to predict the location of tremor, suggesting that seamount subduction plays a dominant role in the stress state of the shallow megathrust. This and the observed interplay of seismic and aseismic interplate slip processes imply that stress changes from slow slip play a secondary role in the distribution of associated microseismicity.},
	keywords = {earthquake, New Zealand, Seamount, slow slip, subduction, tremor},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016136},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB016136},
	author = {Todd, Erin K. and Schwartz, Susan Y. and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura M. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Webb, Spahr C. and Williams, Charles A. and Nakai, Jenny and Yarce, Jefferson and Fry, Bill and Henrys, Stuart and Ito, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {Zietlow2018,
	title = {Teleseismic S-wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1343{\textendash}1364},
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01591.1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1343/530581/Teleseismic-Swave-tomography-of-South-Island-New},
	author = {Zietlow, Daniel W. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Bernardino, Melissa V.}
}
@article {Yeck2017,
	title = {Offshore Rayleigh group velocity observations of the South Island, New Zealand, from ambient noise data},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {209},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	month = {may},
	pages = {827{\textendash}841},
	issn = {0956-540X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggx054},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/209/2/827/2998716},
	author = {Yeck, William L. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Stachnik, Joshua C. and Lin, Fan-Chi}
}
@article {ball_remote_2017,
	title = {Remote detection of cryoacoustic signals using noise interferometry of seafloor pressure data},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {141},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Acoustical Society of America},
	month = {may},
	pages = {4047{\textendash}4047},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4989358},
	url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.4989358},
	author = {Ball, Justin S. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Scambos, Ted}
}
@article {Ball2016,
	title = {Lithospheric shear velocity structure of South Island, New Zealand, from amphibious Rayleigh wave tomography},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {121},
	number = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {may},
	pages = {3686{\textendash}3702},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JB012726},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JB012726},
	author = {Ball, Justin S. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Stachnik, Joshua C. and Lin, Fan-Chi and Yeck, William L. and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {Zietlow2016,
	title = {Teleseismic P wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle: Evidence of subduction of Pacific lithosphere since 45 Ma},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {121},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {4427{\textendash}4445},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JB012624},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JB012624},
	author = {Zietlow, Daniel W. and Molnar, Peter H. and Sheehan, Anne F.}
}
@article {Gusman2016,
	title = {Tsunami data assimilation of Cascadia seafloor pressure gauge records from the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	number = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {may},
	pages = {4189{\textendash}4196},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL068368},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL068368},
	author = {Gusman, Aditya Riadi and Sheehan, Anne F. and Satake, Kenji and Heidarzadeh, Mohammad and Mulia, Iyan Eka and Maeda, Takuto}
}
@article {Sheehan2015,
	title = {Array Observations of the 2012 Haida Gwaii Tsunami Using Cascadia Initiative Absolute and Differential Seafloor Pressure Gauges},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {86},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1278{\textendash}1286},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220150108},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/srl/article/86/5/1278-1286/315554},
	author = {Sheehan, Anne F. and Gusman, Aditya Riadi and Heidarzadeh, Mohammad and Satake, Kenji}
}
@article {godin_interferometry_2014,
	title = {Interferometry of infragravity waves off New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {119},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013JC009395},
	pages = {1103{\textendash}1122},
	abstract = {AbstractWave interferometry is a remote sensing technique, which is increasingly employed in helioseismology, seismology, and acoustics to retrieve parameters of the propagation medium from two-point cross-correlation functions of random wavefields. Here we apply interferometry to yearlong records of seafloor pressure at 28 locations off New Zealand{\textquoteright}s South Island to investigate propagation and directivity properties of infragravity waves away from shore. A compressed cross-correlation function technique is proposed to make the interferometry of dispersive waves more robust, decrease the necessary noise averaging time, and simplify retrieval of quantitative information from noise cross correlations. The emergence of deterministic wave arrivals from cross correlations of random wavefields is observed up to the maximum range of 692 km between the pressure sensors in the array. Free, linear waves with a strongly anisotropic distribution of power flux density are found to be dominant in the infragravity wavefield. Lowest-frequency components of the infragravity wavefield are largely isotropic. The anisotropy has its maximum in the middle of the spectral band and decreases at the high-frequency end of the spectrum. Highest anisotropy peaks correspond to waves coming from portions of the New Zealand{\textquoteright}s shoreline. Significant contributions are also observed from waves propagating along the coastline and probably coming from powerful sources in the northeast Pacific. Infragravity wave directivity is markedly different to the east and to the west of the South Island. The northwest coast of the South Island is found to be a net source of the infragravity wave energy.},
	keywords = {deep ocean, random wave fields, Surface gravity waves, wave interferometry},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JC009395},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2013JC009395},
	author = {Godin, Oleg A. and Zabotin, Nikolay A. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {ball_joint_2014,
	title = {A joint Monte Carlo analysis of seafloor compliance, Rayleigh wave dispersion and receiver functions at ocean bottom seismic stations offshore New Zealand},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {12},
	year = {2014},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2014GC005412},
	pages = {5051{\textendash}5068},
	abstract = {Teleseismic body-wave imaging techniques such as receiver function analysis can be notoriously difficult to employ on ocean-bottom seismic data due largely to multiple reverberations within the water and low-velocity sediments. In lieu of suppressing this coherently scattered noise in ocean-bottom receiver functions, these site effects can be modeled in conjunction with shear velocity information from seafloor compliance and surface wave dispersion measurements to discern crustal structure. A novel technique to estimate 1-D crustal shear-velocity profiles from these data using Monte Carlo sampling is presented here. We find that seafloor compliance inversions and P-S conversions observed in the receiver functions provide complimentary constraints on sediment velocity and thickness. Incoherent noise in receiver functions from the MOANA ocean bottom seismic experiment limit the accuracy of the practical analysis at crustal scales, but synthetic recovery tests and comparison with independent unconstrained nonlinear optimization results affirm the utility of this technique in principle.},
	keywords = {Monte Carlo, New Zealand, OBS receiver function, seafloor compliance, sediment shear modes, surface waves},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005412},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014GC005412},
	author = {Ball, Justin S. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Stachnik, Joshua C. and Lin, Fan-Chi and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {zietlow_upper_2014,
	title = {Upper mantle seismic anisotropy at a strike-slip boundary: South Island, New Zealand},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {119},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013JB010676},
	pages = {1020{\textendash}1040},
	abstract = {New shear wave splitting measurements made from stations onshore and offshore the South Island of New Zealand show a zone of anisotropy 100{\textendash}200 km wide. Measurements in central South Island and up to approximately 100 km offshore from the west coast yield orientations of the fast quasi-shear wave nearly parallel to relative plate motion, with increased obliquity to this orientation observed farther from shore. On the eastern side of the island, fast orientations rotate counterclockwise to become nearly perpendicular to the orientation of relative plate motion approximately 200 km off the east coast. Uniform delay times between the fast and slow quasi-shear waves of nearly 2.0 s onshore continue to stations approximately 100 km off the west coast, after which they decrease to 1 s at 200 km. Stations more than 300 km from the west coast show little to no splitting. East coast stations have delay times around 1 s. Simple strain fields calculated from a thin viscous sheet model (representing distributed lithospheric deformation) with strain rates decreasing exponentially to both the northwest and southeast with e-folding dimensions of 25{\textendash}35 km (approximately 75\% of the deformation within a zone 100{\textendash}140 km wide) match orientations and amounts of observed splitting. A model of deformation localized in the lithosphere and then spreading out in the asthenosphere also yields predictions consistent with observed splitting if, at depths of 100{\textendash}130 km below the lithosphere, typical grain sizes are 6{\textendash}7 mm.},
	keywords = {mantle lithosphere, MOANA, New Zealand, ocean bottom seismometers, seismic anisotropy, South Island},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JB010676},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2013JB010676},
	author = {Zietlow, Daniel W. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Molnar, Peter H. and Savage, Martha K. and Hirth, Greg and Collins, John A. and Hager, Bradford H.}
}
@article {godin_power_2013,
	title = {Power spectra of infragravity waves in a deep ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {40},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/grl.50418},
	pages = {2159{\textendash}2165},
	abstract = {AbstractInfragravity waves (IGWs) play an important role in coupling wave processes in the ocean, ice shelves, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. Due to the paucity of experimental data, little quantitative information is available about power spectra of IGWs away from the shore. Here we use continuous, yearlong records of pressure at 28 locations on the seafloor off New Zealand{\textquoteright}s South Island to investigate spectral and spatial distribution of IGW energy. Dimensional analysis of diffuse IGW fields reveals universal properties of the power spectra observed at different water depths and leads to a simple, predictive model of the IGW spectra. While sources of IGWs off New Zealand are found to have a flat power spectrum, the IGW energy density has a pronounced dependence on frequency and local water depth as a result of the interaction of the waves with varying bathymetry.},
	keywords = {deep ocean, random wave fields, Surface gravity waves, wave spectra},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.50418},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/grl.50418},
	author = {Godin, Oleg A. and Zabotin, Nikolay A. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Yang, Zhaohui and Collins, John A.}
}
@article {yang_character_2012,
	title = {The character of seafloor ambient noise recorded offshore New Zealand: Results from the MOANA ocean bottom seismic experiment},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2012GC004201},
	abstract = {{We analyze the characteristics of ambient noise recorded on ocean-bottom seismographs using data from the 2009{\textendash}2010 MOANA (Marine Observations of Anisotropy Near Aotearoa) seismic experiment deployed west and east of South Island, New Zealand. Microseism and infragravity noise peaks are clear on data recorded on the vertical channel of the seismometer and on the pressure sensor. The noise levels in the infragravity band (<0.03 Hz) on the horizontal seismometer channels are too high to show the infragravity peak. There is a small difference (\~{}0.25 Hz versus \~{}0.2 Hz) in microseism peak frequencies between the two sides of the South Island on all three seismic channels. Our results show clear depth dependence between the peak frequency of infragravity waves and the water depth. We find that the product of water depth and wave number at the peak frequency is a constant},
	keywords = {continental shelf, infragravity wave, New Zealand, noise, OBS},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2012GC004201},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2012GC004201},
	author = {Yang, Zhaohui and Sheehan, Anne F. and Collins, John A. and Laske, Gabi}
}
