@article {collins_shear_2012,
	title = {Shear wave splitting at the Hawaiian hot spot from the PLUME land and ocean bottom seismometer deployments},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {13},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2011GC003881},
	abstract = {We examine upper mantle anisotropy across the Hawaiian Swell by analyzing shear wave splitting of teleseismic SKSwaves recorded by the PLUME broadband land and ocean bottom seismometer deployments. Mantle anisotropy beneath the oceans is often attributed to flow-induced lattice-preferred orientation of olivine. Splitting observations may reflect a combination of both fossil lithospheric anisotropy and anisotropy due to present-day asthenospheric flow, and here we address the question whether splitting provides diagnostic information on possible asthenospheric plume flow at Hawaii. We find that the splitting fast directions are coherent and predominantly parallel to the fossil spreading direction, suggesting that shear wave splitting dominantly reflects fossil lithospheric anisotropy. The signature of anisotropy from asthenospheric flow is more subtle, although it could add some perturbation to lithospheric splitting. The measured delay times are typically 1 s or less, although a few stations display larger splitting delays of 1{\textendash}2 s. The variability in the delay times across the different stations indicates differences in the degree of anisotropy or in the thickness of the anisotropic layer or in the effect of multilayer anisotropy. Regions with smaller splitting times may have experienced processes that modified the lithosphere and partially erased the fossil anisotropy; alternatively, asthenospheric splitting may either constructively add to or destructively subtract from lithospheric splitting to produce the observed variability in delay times.},
	keywords = {Hawaii, splittting},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GC003881},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2011GC003881},
	author = {Collins, John A. and Wolfe, Cecily J. and Laske, Gabi}
}
@article {wolfe_mantle_2011,
	title = {Mantle P-wave velocity structure beneath the Hawaiian hotspot},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {303},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {267{\textendash}280},
	abstract = {Three-dimensional images of P-wave velocity structure beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of seafloor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elongated in the direction of the island chain and surrounded by a high-velocity anomaly in the shallow upper mantle that is parabolic in map view. Low velocities continue downward to the mantle transition zone between 410 and 660km depth and extend into the topmost lower mantle, although the resolution of lower mantle structure from this data set is limited. Comparisons of inversions with separate data sets at different frequencies suggest that contamination by water reverberations is not markedly biasing the P-wave imaging of mantle structure. Many aspects of the P-wave images are consistent with independent tomographic images of S-wave velocity in the region, but there are some differences in upper mantle structure between P-wave and S-wave velocities. Inversions without station terms show a southwestward shift in the location of lowest P-wave velocities in the uppermost mantle relative to the pattern for shear waves, and inversions with station terms show differences between P-wave and S-wave velocity heterogeneity in the shallow upper mantle beneath and immediately east of the island of Hawaii. Nonetheless, the combined data sets are in general agreement with the hypothesis that the Hawaiian hotspot is the result of an upwelling, high-temperature plume. The broad upper-mantle low-velocity region beneath the Hawaiian Islands may reflect the diverging {\textquotedblleft}pancake{\textquotedblright} at the top of the upwelling zone; the surrounding region of high velocities could represent a downwelling curtain; and the low-velocity anomalies southeast of Hawaii in the transition zone and topmost lower mantle are consistent with predictions of plume tilt.},
	keywords = {finite-frequency tomography, Hawaii, hotspot, mantle plume},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.01.004},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11000161},
	author = {Wolfe, Cecily J. and Solomon, Sean C. and Laske, Gabi and Collins, John A. and Detrick, Robert S. and Orcutt, John A. and Bercovici, David and Hauri, Erik H.}
}
