@article {cones_offshore_2024,
	title = {Offshore windfarm construction elevates metabolic rate and increases predation vulnerability of a key marine invertebrate},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {360},
	year = {2024},
	month = {11/2024},
	pages = {124709},
	abstract = {A global increase in offshore windfarm development is critical to our renewable energy future. Yet, widespread construction plans have generated substantial concern for impacts to co-occurring organisms and the communities they form. Pile driving construction, prominent in offshore windfarm development, produces among the highest amplitude sounds in the ocean creating widespread concern for a diverse array of taxa. However, studies addressing ecologically key species are generally lacking and most research is disparate, failing to integrate across response types (e.g., behavior, physiology, and ecological interactions), particularly in situ. The lack of integrative field studies presents major challenges to understand or mitigate actual impacts of offshore wind development. Here, we examined critical behavioral, physiological, and antipredator impacts of actual pile driving construction on the giant sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus). Benthic taxa including bivalves are of particular concern because they are sound-sensitive, cannot move appreciable distances away from the stressor, and support livelihoods as one of the world{\textquoteright}s most economically and socially important fisheries. Overall, pile driving sound impacted scallops across a series of behavioral and physiological assays. Sound-exposed scallops consistently reduced their valve opening (22\%), resulting in lowered mantle water oxygen levels available to the gills. Repeated and rapid valve adductions led to a 56\% increase in metabolic rates relative to pre-exposure baselines. Consequently, in response to predator stimuli, sound-exposed scallops displayed a suite of significantly weaker antipredator behaviors including fewer swimming events and shorter time-to-exhaustion. These results show aquatic construction activities can induce metabolic and ecologically relevant changes in a key benthic animal. As offshore windfarm construction accelerates globally, our field-based study highlights that spatial overlap with benthic taxa may cause substantial metabolic changes, alter important fisheries resources, and ultimately could lead to increased predation.},
	keywords = {Metabolism, noise, Predation, Scallop, Sound pollution},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124709},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124014234},
	author = {Cones, Seth F. and J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Jarriel, Sierra and Aoki, Nad{\`e}ge and Brewer, Hannah and Collins, John and Chauvaud, Laurent and Mooney, T. Aran}
}
@inbook {jezequel_impacts_2023,
	title = {Impacts of Substrate-Borne Vibrations from Pile Driving in a Benthic Marine Invertebrate},
	booktitle = {The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life : Principles and Practical Considerations},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1{\textendash}7},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	chapter = {Impacts of Substrate-Borne Vibrations from Pile Driving in a Benthic Marine Invertebrate},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {Many anthropogenic activities in the ocean involve direct contact with the seabed. These benthic interactions can potentially be harmful to marine fauna. For example, pile driving is commonly used for coastal and offshore constructions, including wind farms that overlap with vital marine habitats. The sound from pile driving is a major pollutant of international concern, although studies on substrate-borne vibrations arising from these activities are scarce, particularly those which address impacts to key benthic invertebrates. In a field-based study, the impacts of substrate-borne vibrations from pile driving were quantified on the giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus), an ecologically and commercially important bivalve. Behavioral responses of tagged scallops to pile driving were assessed at two spatial scales (< 10 and 50~m from the source). Pile driving induced valve closures in scallops at substrate-borne vibration levels similar to those measured hundreds of meters from wind turbine constructions. These responses could have long-term energetic consequences on scallops, rending them more vulnerable to predation. The results suggest offshore wind farm constructions have the potential to impact scallop populations.},
	keywords = {Anthropogenic sound, Bivalve, Climate change, Offshore wind farm, Pollution},
	isbn = {978-3-031-10417-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_72-1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_72-1},
	author = {J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Cones, Seth F. and Jensen, Frants H. and Brewer, Hannah and Collins, John and Mooney, T. Aran},
	editor = {Popper, Arthur N. and Sisneros, Joseph and Hawkins, Anthony D. and Thomsen, Frank}
}
@article {jezequel_pile_2022,
	title = {Pile driving repeatedly impacts the giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus)},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {15380},
	abstract = {Large-scale offshore wind farms are a critical component of the worldwide climate strategy. However, their developments have been opposed by the fishing industry because of concerns regarding the impacts of pile driving vibrations during constructions on commercially important marine invertebrates, including bivalves. Using field-based daily exposure, we showed that pile driving induced repeated valve closures in different scallop life stages, with particularly stronger effects for juveniles. Scallops showed no acclimatization to repetitive pile driving across and within days, yet quickly returned to their initial behavioral baselines after vibration-cessation. While vibration sensitivity was consistent, daily pile driving did not disrupt scallop circadian rhythm, but suggests serious impacts at night when valve openings are greater. Overall, our results show distance and temporal patterns can support future mitigation strategies but also highlight concerns regarding the larger impact ranges of impending widespread offshore wind farm constructions on scallop populations.},
	keywords = {Behavioural ecology, Climate-change ecology, Ecology},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-19838-6},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1150956514},
	author = {J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Cones, Seth and Jensen, Frants H. and Brewer, Hannah and Collins, John and Mooney, T. Aran}
}
