@article {gase_toques_2025,
	title = {TOQUES: An Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Dataset on the Central Queen Charlotte Fault, Southeast Alaska},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	year = {2025},
	month = {mar},
	abstract = {Plate boundaries in the oceans are often poorly monitored. Though typically less remote than the deep sea, shallow marine environments with seafloor depths \&lt;0.5~km can be especially challenging for seismic experiments due to natural and anthropogenic hazards and noise sources that can affect instrument survival and data quality. The Queen Charlotte fault (QCF) is part of a transform plate boundary that follows the continental shelf of the Alaska Panhandle and central British Columbia. This fault system accommodates dextral slip between the Pacific and North American plates and has hosted several historic Mw \&gt; 7 earthquakes. In August 2021, we deployed 28 broadband ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) along the central QCF for the {\textquotedblleft}Transform Obliquity along the Queen Charlotte Fault and Earthquake Study{\textquotedblright} (TOQUES) to investigate fault architecture and local seismicity. Deployment depths varied between 0.2 and 2.5~km below sea level, with half of the instruments deployed in shallow water (\&lt;0.5~km depth). We describe the scientific motivations for the TOQUES broadband OBS array, present data metrics, and discuss factors that influence data quality and instrument survival. We show that many opportunities exist for scientific study of shallow marine environments and the solid earth. Despite concerns that shallow water was responsible for the risk of data or instrument loss, direct relationships between instrument success and water depth are inconclusive. Rather, instrument success may be more related to the ability of different instrument designs to withstand shallow-water conditions.},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220240380},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1785/0220240380},
	author = {Gase, Andrew C. and Roland, Emily C. and Worthington, Lindsay L. and Walton, Maureen A. L. and Bostock, Michael G. and Nedimovi{\'c}, Mladen R. and Collins, John A. and Brandl, Collin C. and Jaye Oliva, Sarah and Sun, Tianhaozhe}
}
@article {priestley_thermal_2024,
	title = {The thermal and anisotropic structure of the top 300 km of the mantle},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {626},
	year = {2024},
	month = {01/2024},
	pages = {118525},
	abstract = {From our analyses of fundamental and higher-mode surface waves from \~{}1.2{\texttimes}107 seismograms, we constructed tomographic models of Vsv and Vsh. At depths shallower than 300 km, models of the temperature of cooling oceanic lithosphere, pressure and temperature estimates from garnet peridotite nodules, and the estimated average potential temperature of the convecting upper mantle from the thickness of the oceanic crust are combined with laboratory measurements of shear modulus and attenuation to parameterize the dependence of Vsv on temperature and pressure. The resulting parameters agree with those from independent laboratory measurements, which extend over a range of nine orders of magnitude of the dimensionless period. The fitting parameters were then used to produce global estimates of the temperature at depths shallower than 300 km and of the lithospheric thickness. The resulting map is similar to those of previous studies, though the use of such a large number of seismograms has considerably improved the resolution. Extensive regions of the continents are underlain by lithosphere whose thickness is less than that of old oceanic lithosphere. In contrast, the lithospheric thickness beneath most cratons is between 180 and 220 km. Where rifted continental margins formed when Pangea fragmented and cut across the cratonic lithosphere, the present continental margins coincide with the margins of the cratons.},
	keywords = {cratons, lithospheric thickness, ridge axes, shear wave tomography, upper mantle temperatures},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118525},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X2300537X},
	author = {Priestley, Keith and Ho, Tak and Takei, Yasuko and McKenzie, Dan}
}
@article {sahoo_tidal_2024,
	title = {Tidal triggering of seismic swarm associated with hydrothermal circulation at Blanco ridge transform fault zone, Northeast Pacific},
	journal = {Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors},
	volume = {356},
	year = {2024},
	month = {11/2024},
	pages = {107259},
	abstract = {Seismicity associated with hydrothermal systems (e.g., submarine volcanoes, mid-oceanic ridges, oceanic transform faults, etc.) share a complex relationship with the tidal forcing and induced fluid flow process under different tectonic settings. The hydrothermal circulation drives the deformation at the brittle-ductile transition zone within a permeable brittle crust. Although the tidal loading amplitudes are too small to generate a brittle deformation, the incremental pressure exerted by the tidal loading can modulate the flow of hydrothermal fluid circulation and trigger the critically stressed faults or fracture zones. We present a compelling case of tidal modulation in seismicity along the Blanco Ridge Transform Fault Zone (BRTFZ), in the northeast Pacific. The strong diurnal and fortnightly periodicity has been observed in the deeper seismic swarm (7{\textendash}15~km), whereas the shallow seismic swarm (0{\textendash}7~km) does not exhibit any such tidal periodicity. The dominance of diurnal and fortnightly periodicity in the deeper seismic swarm is explained by the high amplitude tidal cycles providing additional stress on the fluid circulation at the crust-mantle boundary. Moreover, our robust statistical correlation of seismicity with tidal stress and resonance destabilization model under rate-and-state friction formalism suggests that the fault segments are conditionally unstable and more sensitive to periodic tidal stress perturbation.},
	keywords = {Hydrothermal fluid, Ocean transform fault, Resonance destabilization, Seismic swarm, Tidal periodicity},
	issn = {0031-9201},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pepi.2024.107259},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031920124001171},
	author = {Sahoo, Sambit and Senapati, Batakrushna and Panda, Dibyashakti and Jin, Shuanggen and Kundu, Bhaskar}
}
@article {yarce_temporal_2023,
	title = {Temporal Relationship of Slow Slip Events and Microearthquake Seismicity: Insights From Earthquake Automatic Detections in the Northern Hikurangi Margin, Aotearoa New Zealand},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {e2022GC010537},
	abstract = {Slow slip events in the northern Hikurangi margin of Aotearoa New Zealand occur every 18{\textendash}24 months and last for several weeks before returning to average convergence rates of around 38 mm/yr. Along this plate boundary, the Hikurangi plateau subducts beneath the overlying Australian plate and slow slip events occur along their plate interface at depths between 2 and 15 km. To explore whether there is a temporal relationship between slow slip events and earthquake occurrence, the Regressive ESTimator automated phase arrival detection and onset estimation algorithm was applied to a data set of continuous waveform data collected by both land and ocean bottom seismometers. This detector uses an autoregressive algorithm with iterative refinement to first detect seismic events and then create a catalog of hypocenters and P and S wave arrival times. Results are compared with an available catalog of manually detected seismic events. The auto-detector was able to find more than three times the number of events detected by analysts. With our newly assembled data set of automatically detected earthquakes, we were able to determine that there was an increase in the rate of earthquake occurrence during the 2014 slow slip event.},
	keywords = {earthquake detection, Hikurangi, ocean bottom seismometers, seismicity, slow slip event, subduction},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GC010537},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GC010537},
	author = {Yarce, Jefferson and Sheehan, Anne F. and Roecker, Steven}
}
@article {wang_temporal_2022,
	title = {Temporal velocity variations in the northern Hikurangi margin and the relation to slow slip},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {584},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	pages = {117443},
	abstract = {Slow slip events (SSE) have been studied in increasing detail over the last 20 years, improving our understanding of subduction zone processes. Although the relationship between SSEs and the physical properties of their surrounding materials is still not well-understood, the northern Hikurangi margin in New Zealand is the site of relatively shallow (<10 km deep), frequent SSEs, providing excellent opportunities for near-field investigations. From September to October 2014, an SSE occurred with more than 250 mm slip, and was recorded successfully by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) deployment. This study applies scattered wave interferometry to ambient noise data acquired by nine HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) to study the seismic velocity variations related to the SSE. Single station cross-component correlations are computed within a period band that focuses on the upper plate in our study region. The average velocity variations display a decrease on the order of 0.05\% during the SSE, followed by an increase of similar magnitude afterwards. We suggest two possibilities. The first possibility, which has been suggested by other seismological observations, is that the SSE causes a low-permeability seal on the plate boundary to break. The break allows fluid to migrate into the upper plate, causing a seismic velocity decrease during the SSE because of increased pore fluid volume in the upper plate. Under this model, after the SSE, the fluids in the upper plate diffuse gradually and the velocity increases again. The second possibility is the velocity changes are related to changes in crustal strain during the slow slip cycle, whereby elastic strain accumulates prior to the SSE, causing contraction and reduction of porosity and therefore increase of velocity above the SSE source (the seismic velocity increases between SSEs). During the SSE the upper plate goes into extension as the elastic strain is released, which results in dilation and a porosity increase (seismic velocity reduction). After the SSE, stress and strain accumulate again, causing a porosity decrease and a velocity increase.},
	keywords = {ambient noise, seismic velocity variations, slow slip event, the Hikurangi subduction zone},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117443},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X22000796},
	author = {Wang, Weiwei and Savage, Martha K. and Yates, Alexander and Zal, Hubert J. and Webb, Spahr and Boulton, Carolyn and Warren-Smith, Emily and Madley, Megan and Stern, Tim and Fry, Bill and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura}
}
@article {deng_theoretical_2022,
	title = {Theoretical Solution and Applications of Ocean Bottom Pressure Induced by Seismic Waves at High Frequencies},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {49},
	number = {9},
	year = {2022},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL096952},
	pages = {e2021GL096952},
	abstract = {Previous studies have demonstrated that the ocean-bottom pressure associated with seismic seafloor motion is linearly proportional to the vertical seafloor acceleration, for frequencies much lower than the resonance frequency of water layer (c0/4h, c0 water sound speed, h water depth). In this article, we use realistic observations to verify a theoretical relation between the ocean-bottom pressure and vertical acceleration up to the water resonance frequency. We then show two applications of the theoretical relation. First, the pressure amplitude recorded by differential pressure gauges is calibrated, and the calibration coefficient is found to vary by frequency. Second, Rayleigh wave phase velocity near the water resonance frequency can be calculated from recordings of pressure and vertical seafloor acceleration at a single station, which is useful to constrain the shallow Earth structure.},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GL096952},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL096952},
	author = {Deng, Han and An, Chao and Cai, Chen and Ren, Hengxin}
}
@article {harmon_tilt_2022,
	title = {Tilt Corrections for Normal Mode Observations on Ocean Bottom Seismic Data, an example from the PI-LAB experiment},
	journal = {Seismica},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Number: 1},
	month = {11/2022},
	abstract = {Earth{\textquoteright}s normal modes are fundamental observations used in global seismic tomography to understand Earth structure. Land seismic station coverage is sufficient to constrain the broadest scale Earth structures. However, 70\% of Earth{\textquoteright}s surface is covered by the oceans, hampering our ability to observe variations in local mode frequencies that contribute to imaging small-scale structures. Broadband ocean bottom seismometers can record spheroidal modes to fill in gaps in global data coverage. Ocean bottom recordings are contaminated by signals from complex interactions between ocean and solid Earth dynamics at normal mode frequencies. We present a method for correcting tilt on broadband ocean bottom seismometers by rotation. The correction improves the ability of some instruments to observe spheroidal modes down to 0S4. We demonstrate this method using 15 broadband ocean bottom seismometers from the PI-LAB array. We measure normal mode peak frequency shifts and compare with 1-D reference mode frequencies and predictions from 3-D global models. Our measurements agree with the 3-D models for modes between 0S14 - 0S37 with small but significant differences. These differences likely reflect real Earth structure. This suggests incorporating ocean bottom normal mode measurements into global inversions will improve models of global seismic velocity structure.},
	keywords = {marine geophysics, normal modes, ocean bottom seismometer},
	issn = {2816-9387},
	doi = {10.26443/seismica.v1i1.196},
	url = {https://seismica.library.mcgill.ca/article/view/196},
	author = {Harmon, Nicholas and Laske, Gabi and Crawford, Wayne and Rychert, Catherine}
}
@article {agius_thin_2021,
	title = {A thin mantle transition zone beneath the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {589},
	number = {7843},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	month = {01/2021},
	pages = {562{\textendash}566},
	abstract = {The location and degree of material transfer between the upper and lower mantle are key to the Earth{\textquoteright}s thermal and chemical evolution. Sinking slabs and rising plumes are generally accepted as locations of transfer1,2, whereas mid-ocean ridges are not typically assumed to have a role3. However, tight constraints from in situ measurements at ridges have proved to be challenging. Here we use receiver functions that reveal the conversion of primary to secondary seismic waves to image the discontinuities that bound the mantle transition zone, using ocean bottom seismic data from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Our images show that the seismic discontinuity at depths of~about 660~kilometres is broadly uplifted by 10~{\textpm}~4 kilometres over a swath about 600~kilometres wide and that the 410-kilometre discontinuity is depressed by 5~{\textpm}~4~kilometres. This thinning of the mantle transition zone is coincident with slow shear-wave velocities in the mantle, from global seismic tomography4{\textendash}7. In addition, seismic velocities in the mantle transition zone beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are on average slower than those beneath older Atlantic Ocean seafloor. The observations imply material transfer from the lower to the upper mantle{\textemdash}either continuous or punctuated{\textemdash}that is linked to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Given the length and longevity of the mid-ocean ridge system, this implies that whole-mantle convection may be more prevalent than previously thought, with ridge upwellings having a role in counterbalancing slab downwellings.},
	keywords = {Geodynamics, Geophysics, seismology},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-03139-x},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03139-x},
	author = {Agius, Matthew R. and Rychert, Catherine A. and Harmon, Nicholas and Tharimena, Saikiran and Kendall, J.-Michael}
}
@article {leptokaropoulos_tidal_2021,
	title = {Tidal Triggering of Microseismicity at the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Inferred From the PI-LAB Experiment},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {126},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JB022251},
	month = {08/2021},
	pages = {e2021JB022251},
	abstract = {The gravitational pulls from the moon and the sun result in tidal forces which influence both Earth{\textquoteright}s solid and water mass. These stresses are periodically added to the tectonic ones and may become sufficient for initiating rupture in fault systems critically close to failure. Previous research indicates correlations between increased seismicity rates and low tides for fast- and intermediate-spreading mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we present a microseismicity data set (4,719 events) recorded by an ocean bottom seismometer deployment at the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We show that low, as well as decreasing ocean water level, result in relatively elevated seismicity rates at higher magnitudes (lower b-values), translated into increased probabilities of stronger event occurrence at or towards low tides. Moreover, seismic bursts (enhanced activity rate clusters), occurring at rates well above the reference seismicity, are exclusively present during values of either high tidally induced extensional stresses or high extensional stress rates. Although the b-value differences are not significant enough to be conclusive, the seismicity rate variations exhibit statistical significance, supporting the previous findings for tidal triggering at low tides within normal-faulting regimes and extending the range of observations to slow-spreading ridges. Observed triggering of slip on low angle faults at low tides is predicted by Coulomb stress modeling. The triggering of slip on high angle faults observed here, is not easily explained without another factor. It may be related to the presence of a shallow magma body beneath the ridge, as supported by previous seismic imaging in the region.},
	keywords = {b-values, Coulomb stress, magnitude distribution, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, seismicity, tidal triggering},
	issn = {2169-9356},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JB022251},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JB022251},
	author = {Leptokaropoulos, K. and Harmon, N. and Hicks, S. P. and Rychert, C. A. and Schlaphorst, D. and Kendall, J. M.}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Temporal and spatial variations in seismic anisotropy and V P /V S ratios in a region of slow slip},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {532},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {115970},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {In September 2014, a five week long slow slip event (SSE) occurred near Gisborne at the northern Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, and was recorded by offshore instruments deployed by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) project. Up to 25 cm of slip occurred directly below the HOBITSS array. We calculate shear wave splitting (SWS) and V P / V S ratios for event-station pairs on HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers and onshore GeoNet seismic stations to determine the relationship in time and space between slow slip and these seismic properties. Spatial averaging of SWS fast azimuths yields trench-perpendicular fast azimuths in some areas, suggesting that compressive stress from plate convergence closes microcracks and controls anisotropy in the upper-plate. Variations from the trench perpendicular directions are observed near a subducting seamount, with directions closely resembling fracture and fault patterns created by subducting seamounts previously observed in both laboratory and field experiments. Temporal variations in fast azimuths are observed at three stations, two of which are located above the seamount, suggesting measurable variations in stress orientations. During the SSE, median V P / V S measurements across all offshore stations increase from 1.817 to 1.894 and SWS delay times decrease from 0.178 s to 0.139 s (both changes are significant within 95\% confidence intervals). Temporal variations in V P / V S and delay time are consistent with fluid pressurization below a permeability barrier and movement of fluids during the rupture of a slow-slip patch.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115970},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1123727644},
	author = {Zal, Hubert Jerzy and Jacobs, Katrina and Savage, Martha Kane and Yarce, Jefferson and Mroczek, Stefan and Graham, Kenny and Todd, Erin K. and Nakai, Jenny and Iwasaki, Yuriko and Sheehan, Anne and Mochizuki, Kimihiro and Wallace, Laura and Schwartz, Susan and Webb, Spahr and Henrys, Stuart}
}
@article {Heath2019,
	title = {Tectonism and Its Relation to Magmatism Around Santorini Volcano From Upper Crustal P Wave Velocity},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {10610{\textendash}10629},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JB017699},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JB017699},
	author = {Heath, B. A. and Hooft, E. E. E. and Toomey, D. R. and Papazachos, C. B. and Nomikou, P. and Paulatto, M. and Morgan, J. V. and Warner, M. R.}
}
@article {stephen_three-dimensional_2019,
	title = {Three-dimensional bottom diffraction in the North Pacific},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {146},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Acoustical Society of America},
	pages = {1913{\textendash}1922},
	abstract = {A significant aspect of bottom-interaction in deep water acoustic propagation, from point sources to point receivers, is the diffraction (or scattering) of energy from discrete seafloor locations along repeatable, deterministic paths in three-dimensions. These bottom-diffracted surface-reflected (BDSR) paths were first identified on the North Pacific acoustic laboratory experiment in 2004 (NPAL04) for a diffractor located on the side of a small seamount. On the adjacent deep seafloor, ambient noise and propagation in the ocean sound channel were sufficiently quiet that the BDSRs were the dominant arrival. The ocean bottom seismometer augmentation in the North Pacific (OBSANP) experiment in June{\textendash}July 2013 studied BDSRs at the NPAL04 site in more detail. BDSRs are most readily identified by the arrival time of pulses as a function of range to the receiver for a line of transmissions. The diffraction points for BDSRs occur on the relatively featureless deep seafloor as well as on the sides of small seamounts. Although the NPAL04 and OBSANP experiments had very different geometries the same diffractor location is consistent with observed arrivals in both experiments within the resolution of the analysis. On OBSANP the same location excites BDSRs for 77.5, 155, and 310 Hz transmissions.},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	doi = {10.1121/1.5125427},
	url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1121/1.5125427},
	author = {Stephen, Ralph A. and Bolmer, S. Thompson and Worcester, Peter F. and Dzieciuch, Matthew A. and Udovydchenkov, Ilya A.}
}
@article {wang_tsunami_2019,
	title = {Tsunami Data Assimilation Without a Dense Observation Network},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GL080930},
	pages = {2045{\textendash}2053},
	abstract = {The tsunami data assimilation method enables tsunami forecasting directly from observations, without the need of estimating tsunami sources. However, it requires a dense observation network to produce desirable results. Here we propose a modified method of tsunami data assimilation for regions with a sparse observation network. The method utilizes interpolated waveforms at virtual stations. The tsunami waveforms at the virtual stations between two existing observation stations are estimated by shifting arrival times with the linear interpolation of observed arrival times and by correcting the amplitudes for their water depths. In our new data assimilation approach, we employ the Optimal Interpolation algorithm to both the real observations and virtual stations, in order to construct a complete wavefront of tsunami propagation. The application to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, earthquake reveals that addition of virtual stations greatly helps improve the tsunami forecasting accuracy.},
	keywords = {data assimilation, tsunami forecasting},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL080930},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GL080930},
	author = {Wang, Y. and Maeda, T. and Satake, K. and Heidarzadeh, M. and Su, H. and Sheehan, A. F. and Gusman, A. R.}
}
@article {Zietlow2018,
	title = {Teleseismic S-wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1343{\textendash}1364},
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01591.1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1343/530581/Teleseismic-Swave-tomography-of-South-Island-New},
	author = {Zietlow, Daniel W. and Sheehan, Anne F. and Bernardino, Melissa V.}
}
@article {An2017,
	title = {Theoretical Solution and Applications of Ocean Bottom Pressure Induced by Seismic Seafloor Motion},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {44},
	number = {20},
	year = {2017},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {10,272{\textendash}10,281},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2017GL075137},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017GL075137},
	author = {An, Chao and Cai, Chen and Zheng, Yong and Meng, Lingsen and Liu, Philip}
}
@article {Salmi2017,
	title = {Thermal environment of the Southern Washington region of the Cascadia subduction zone},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {122},
	number = {8},
	year = {2017},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {5852{\textendash}5870},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JB013839},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JB013839},
	author = {Salmi, Marie S. and Johnson, H. Paul and Harris, Robert N.}
}
@article {Dunn2017,
	title = {Three-Dimensional Seismic Structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: An Investigation of Tectonic, Magmatic, and Hydrothermal Processes in the Rainbow Area},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {122},
	number = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {9580{\textendash}9602},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JB015051},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017JB015051},
	author = {Dunn, Robert A. and Arai, Ryuta and Eason, Deborah E. and Canales, J. Pablo and Sohn, Robert A.}
}
@article {becel_tsunamigenic_2017,
	title = {Tsunamigenic structures in a creeping section of the Alaska subduction zone},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {10},
	number = {8},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	pages = {609{\textendash}613},
	abstract = {Segments of subduction zones that are capable of generating tsunamigenic earthquakes appear to have characteristic structural configurations. These structures include heterogeneous plate interfaces, a small wedge of deformed sediment at the toe of the overriding plate (the frontal prism), and splay faults in the crust of the overriding plate that root within the plate boundary megathrust. Here we use seismic reflection imaging to show that these features also exist within a creeping segment of the Alaska subduction zone, the Shumagin Gap. We identify an active crustal-scale normal fault system that dips landward and resembles that involved in the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake in Japan. We also find that the Shumagin Gap has a small frontal prism, a deep-water splay fault, and that the plate interface here is rough and thinly sedimented. We propose that lateral propagation of rupture from a neighbouring segment into the Shumagin Gap may explain a tsunamigenic earthquake that occurred there in 1788 and that tsunamigenic potential should be considered in hazard assessments for the region. Our results demonstrate that structural configurations similar to those in Tohoku may exist in other subduction zones, including within creeping segments or segments with no record of historical megathrust earthquakes, but are under-recognized. Identifying similar configurations globally may improve our ability to anticipate regions capable of generating large tsunamis.},
	keywords = {Geodynamics, Geology, Natural hazards, seismology, Tectonics},
	issn = {1752-0908},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2990},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2990},
	author = {B{\'e}cel, Anne and Shillington, Donna J. and Delescluse, Matthias and Nedimovi{\'c}, Mladen R. and Abers, Geoffrey A. and Saffer, Demian M. and Webb, Spahr C. and Keranen, Katie M. and Roche, Pierre-Henri and Li, Jiyao and Kuehn, Harold}
}
@article {Zietlow2016,
	title = {Teleseismic P wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle: Evidence of subduction of Pacific lithosphere since 45 Ma},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {121},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {4427{\textendash}4445},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JB012624},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JB012624},
	author = {Zietlow, Daniel W. and Molnar, Peter H. and Sheehan, Anne F.}
}
@article {Hawley2016,
	title = {Tomography reveals buoyant asthenosphere accumulating beneath the Juan de Fuca plate},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {353},
	number = {6306},
	year = {2016},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1406{\textendash}1408},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aad8104},
	url = {https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aad8104},
	author = {Hawley, W. B. and Allen, R. M. and Richards, M. A.}
}
@article {Gusman2016,
	title = {Tsunami data assimilation of Cascadia seafloor pressure gauge records from the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	number = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {may},
	pages = {4189{\textendash}4196},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL068368},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL068368},
	author = {Gusman, Aditya Riadi and Sheehan, Anne F. and Satake, Kenji and Heidarzadeh, Mohammad and Mulia, Iyan Eka and Maeda, Takuto}
}
@article {Dunn2015,
	title = {Tracking stress and hydrothermal activity along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center using seismic anisotropy},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {410},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {105{\textendash}116},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.027},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X14007195},
	author = {Dunn, Robert A.}
}
@article {wech_tectonic_2013,
	title = {Tectonic Tremor Recorded by Ocean Bottom Seismometers},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {84},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {752{\textendash}758},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	doi = {10.1785/0220120184},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120184},
	author = {Wech, A. G. and Sheehan, A. F. and Boese, C. M. and Townend, J. and Stern, T. A. and Collins, J. A.}
}
@article {kuo-chen_three-dimensional_2012,
	title = {Three-dimensional P velocity structures of the lithosphere beneath Taiwan from the analysis of TAIGER and related seismic data sets},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {117},
	number = {B6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2011JB009108},
	abstract = {The convergence of the Philippine Sea and the Eurasian plates in the Taiwan region led to the formation of a young collisional mountain between two subduction zones of nearly orthogonal polarities. The geological processes underlying the collision and its relation to subduction are the primary targets of TAIGER (Taiwan Integrated Geodynamic Research) project. Newly acquired passive and active sources data on land, supplemented by ocean bottom as well as permanent seismic network data, are used to derive a new 3-D tomographic velocity model. Using the 7.5 km/sec contour as a marker for crustal deformation, two trend-parallel {\textquotedblleft}roots,{\textquotedblright} one under the Central Range with a maximum depth of 55 km and the other under the Coastal Range at 40 km, are found to extend from southern to central (\~{}24{\textdegree}N) Taiwan. Between the two roots and lying approximately beneath the Longitudinal Valley, the 7.5 km/sec contour rises to 25 km depth. In the upper mantle, a high velocity zone, east-dipping and its upper surface coinciding with a Wadati-Benioff zone in the south (\~{}22.8{\textdegree}N), becomes near vertical and ill-defined in the north (\~{}23.9{\textdegree}N). The crustal deformation as defined by the {\textquotedblleft}roots{\textquotedblright} and the along-trend variations of the upper mantle structures under Taiwan provide key information for the orogeny. With the thickening of crust to 55 km or more processes such as eclogitization and delamination may come into play.},
	keywords = {mountain building, seismic tomography, Taiwan orogeny},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB009108},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2011JB009108},
	author = {Kuo-Chen, Hao and Wu, Francis T. and Roecker, Steven W.}
}
@article {calvert_three-dimensional_2008,
	title = {Three-dimensional crustal structure of the Mariana island arc from seismic tomography},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {113},
	number = {B1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007JB004939},
	abstract = {A three-dimensional (3-D) seismic refraction survey was acquired over the Mariana volcanic arc at 14.5{\textendash}18.5{\textdegree}N and 145{\textendash}147{\textdegree}E. First-arrival traveltimes from this survey and from a separate 2-D survey acquired approximately perpendicular to the arc have been simultaneously inverted for a 3-D P wave velocity model using seismic tomography subject to smoothness constraints. The active arc, which initiated only 3{\textendash}4 Ma ago, has an average crustal thickness of 18 km. Approximately 40 km to the east the inactive remnant of the rifted Eocene arc has an average crustal thickness of 21 km, due primarily to a thicker lower-crustal layer with velocities of 6.5{\textendash}7.0 km s-1. Crustal production clearly varies both temporally and spatially, with some crustal layers, including the igneous fore-arc crust, varying in thickness by a factor of up to 2 along strike. Average P wave velocities within the upper crust of the modern arc are 240{\textendash}360 m s-1 lower than in the Eocene arc but are 280 m s-1 higher within the lower crust. Middle crust with velocities of 6.0{\textendash}6.5 km s-1 is best developed beneath the Eocene arc. These results suggest an evolution of arc structure with increasing age: We infer closure of fractures and porosity in the upper crust through hydrothermal circulation and a reduction in the mafic character of the middle to lower crust as a result of intracrustal differentiation. Although tonalitic rocks may predominate in the transition from upper to middle crust, the bulk of the crust is essentially basaltic.},
	keywords = {crust, Mariana arc, seismic tomography},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JB004939},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2007JB004939},
	author = {Calvert, Andrew J. and Klemperer, Simon L. and Takahashi, Narumi and Kerr, Bryan C.}
}
