TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal velocity variations in the northern Hikurangi margin and the relation to slow slip JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters Y1 - 2022 A1 - Wang, Weiwei A1 - Savage, Martha K. A1 - Yates, Alexander A1 - Zal, Hubert J. A1 - Webb, Spahr A1 - Boulton, Carolyn A1 - Warren-Smith, Emily A1 - Madley, Megan A1 - Stern, Tim A1 - Fry, Bill A1 - Mochizuki, Kimihiro A1 - Wallace, Laura KW - ambient noise KW - seismic velocity variations KW - slow slip event KW - the Hikurangi subduction zone AB - Slow slip events (SSE) have been studied in increasing detail over the last 20 years, improving our understanding of subduction zone processes. Although the relationship between SSEs and the physical properties of their surrounding materials is still not well-understood, the northern Hikurangi margin in New Zealand is the site of relatively shallow (<10 km deep), frequent SSEs, providing excellent opportunities for near-field investigations. From September to October 2014, an SSE occurred with more than 250 mm slip, and was recorded successfully by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) deployment. This study applies scattered wave interferometry to ambient noise data acquired by nine HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) to study the seismic velocity variations related to the SSE. Single station cross-component correlations are computed within a period band that focuses on the upper plate in our study region. The average velocity variations display a decrease on the order of 0.05% during the SSE, followed by an increase of similar magnitude afterwards. We suggest two possibilities. The first possibility, which has been suggested by other seismological observations, is that the SSE causes a low-permeability seal on the plate boundary to break. The break allows fluid to migrate into the upper plate, causing a seismic velocity decrease during the SSE because of increased pore fluid volume in the upper plate. Under this model, after the SSE, the fluids in the upper plate diffuse gradually and the velocity increases again. The second possibility is the velocity changes are related to changes in crustal strain during the slow slip cycle, whereby elastic strain accumulates prior to the SSE, causing contraction and reduction of porosity and therefore increase of velocity above the SSE source (the seismic velocity increases between SSEs). During the SSE the upper plate goes into extension as the elastic strain is released, which results in dilation and a porosity increase (seismic velocity reduction). After the SSE, stress and strain accumulate again, causing a porosity decrease and a velocity increase. VL - 584 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X22000796 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment JF - Seismological Research Letters Y1 - 2020 A1 - Barcheck, Grace A1 - Abers, Geoffrey A. A1 - Adams, Aubreya N. A1 - Bécel, Anne A1 - Collins, John A1 - Gaherty, James B. A1 - Haeussler, Peter J. A1 - Li, Zongshan A1 - Moore, Ginevra A1 - Onyango, Evans A1 - Roland, Emily A1 - Sampson, Daniel E. A1 - Schwartz, Susan Y. A1 - Sheehan, Anne F. A1 - Shillington, Donna J. A1 - Shore, Patrick J. A1 - Webb, Spahr A1 - Wiens, Douglas A. A1 - Worthington, Lindsay L. AB - The Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE) is a shoreline‐crossing passive‐ and active‐source seismic experiment that took place from May 2018 through August 2019 along an ∼700  km long section of the Aleutian subduction zone spanning Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The experiment featured 105 broadband seismometers; 30 were deployed onshore, and 75 were deployed offshore in Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) packages. Additional strong‐motion instruments were also deployed at six onshore seismic sites. Offshore OBS stretched from the outer rise across the trench to the shelf. OBSs in shallow water (<262  m depth) were deployed with a trawl‐resistant shield, and deeper OBSs were unshielded. Additionally, a number of OBS‐mounted strong‐motion instruments, differential and absolute pressure gauges, hydrophones, and temperature and salinity sensors were deployed. OBSs were deployed on two cruises of the R/V Sikuliaq in May and July 2018 and retrieved on two cruises aboard the R/V Sikuliaq and R/V Langseth in August–September 2019. A complementary 398‐instrument nodal seismometer array was deployed on Kodiak Island for four weeks in May–June 2019, and an active‐source seismic survey on the R/V Langseth was arranged in June 2019 to shoot into the AACSE broadband network and the nodes. Additional underway data from cruises include seafloor bathymetry and sub‐bottom profiles, with extra data collected near the rupture zone of the 2018 Mw 7.9 offshore‐Kodiak earthquake. The AACSE network was deployed simultaneously with the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) in Alaska, effectively densifying and extending the TA offshore in the region of the Alaska Peninsula. AACSE is a community experiment, and all data were made available publicly as soon as feasible in appropriate repositories. VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200189 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial variations in seismic anisotropy and V P /V S ratios in a region of slow slip JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters Y1 - 2020 A1 - Zal, Hubert Jerzy A1 - Jacobs, Katrina A1 - Savage, Martha Kane A1 - Yarce, Jefferson A1 - Mroczek, Stefan A1 - Graham, Kenny A1 - Todd, Erin K. A1 - Nakai, Jenny A1 - Iwasaki, Yuriko A1 - Sheehan, Anne A1 - Mochizuki, Kimihiro A1 - Wallace, Laura A1 - Schwartz, Susan A1 - Webb, Spahr A1 - Henrys, Stuart AB - In September 2014, a five week long slow slip event (SSE) occurred near Gisborne at the northern Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, and was recorded by offshore instruments deployed by the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) project. Up to 25 cm of slip occurred directly below the HOBITSS array. We calculate shear wave splitting (SWS) and V P / V S ratios for event-station pairs on HOBITSS ocean bottom seismometers and onshore GeoNet seismic stations to determine the relationship in time and space between slow slip and these seismic properties. Spatial averaging of SWS fast azimuths yields trench-perpendicular fast azimuths in some areas, suggesting that compressive stress from plate convergence closes microcracks and controls anisotropy in the upper-plate. Variations from the trench perpendicular directions are observed near a subducting seamount, with directions closely resembling fracture and fault patterns created by subducting seamounts previously observed in both laboratory and field experiments. Temporal variations in fast azimuths are observed at three stations, two of which are located above the seamount, suggesting measurable variations in stress orientations. During the SSE, median V P / V S measurements across all offshore stations increase from 1.817 to 1.894 and SWS delay times decrease from 0.178 s to 0.139 s (both changes are significant within 95% confidence intervals). Temporal variations in V P / V S and delay time are consistent with fluid pressurization below a permeability barrier and movement of fluids during the rupture of a slow-slip patch. VL - 532 UR - https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1123727644 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigations of Shallow Slow Slip Offshore of New Zealand JF - Eos Y1 - 2016 A1 - Harris, Robert A1 - Wallace, Laura A1 - Webb, Spahr A1 - Ito, Yoshihiro A1 - Mochizuki, Kimihiro A1 - Ichihara, Hiroshi A1 - Henrys, Stuart A1 - Tréhu, Anne A1 - Schwartz, Susan A1 - Sheehan, Anne A1 - Saffer, Demian A1 - Lauer, Rachel AB - Recent and upcoming studies of the Hikurangi margin east of New Zealand shed light on previously undetectable tectonic movements. VL - 97 UR - https://eos.org/project-updates/investigations-of-shallow-slow-slip-offshore-of-new-zealand ER -