Slab to back-arc to arc: Fluid and melt pathways through the mantle wedge beneath the Lesser Antilles

TitleSlab to back-arc to arc: Fluid and melt pathways through the mantle wedge beneath the Lesser Antilles
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2023
AuthorsHicks, SP, Bie, L, Rychert, CA, Harmon, N, Goes, S, Rietbrock, A, Wei, SS, Collier, JS, Henstock, TJ, Lynch, L, Prytulak, J, Macpherson, CG, Schlaphorst, D, Wilkinson, JJ, Blundy, JD, Cooper, GF, Davy, RG, Kendall, J-M, GROUP, VOILAWORKING
JournalScience Advances
Volume9
Issue5
Paginationeadd2143
Date Published02/2023
ISSN2375-2548
Keywords3706 Geophysics
Abstract

Volatiles expelled from subducted plates promote melting of the overlying warm mantle, feeding arc volcanism. However, debates continue over the factors controlling melt generation and transport, and how these determine the placement of volcanoes. To broaden our synoptic view of these fundamental mantle wedge processes, we image seismic attenuation beneath the Lesser Antilles arc, an end-member system that slowly subducts old, tectonized lithosphere. Punctuated anomalies with high ratios of bulk-to-shear attenuation (Qκ−1/Qμ−1 > 0.6) and VP/VS (>1.83) lie 40 km above the slab, representing expelled fluids that are retained in a cold boundary layer, transporting fluids toward the back-arc. The strongest attenuation (1000/QS ~ 20), characterizing melt in warm mantle, lies beneath the back-arc, revealing how back-arc mantle feeds arc volcanoes. Melt ponds under the upper plate and percolates toward the arc along structures from earlier back-arc spreading, demonstrating how slab dehydration, upper-plate properties, past tectonics, and resulting melt pathways collectively condition volcanism.

URLhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.add2143
DOI10.1126/sciadv.add2143

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